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The Developmental Trends study, now in its 18th year, has been supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health. The key features of the study are: 177 clinic-referred boys between ages 7 to 12, were assessed yearly, multiple informants have been used, and a very high cooperation rate of its participants over many years has been accomplished. Initially, the boys included in the study all had been referred to mental health clinics, mostly for Disruptive Behavior Disorders, i.e., Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and Conduct Disorder (CD). Project
goals: 1.
Document
the course of disruptive behavior disorders over time, from ADHD
to ODD and CD, and currently to antisocial personality disorder
and psychopathy
2.
Examine
the interaction over time between disruptive behavior disorders
and other, comorbid disorders, such as anxiety disorders
3.
Examine
variables associated with the etiology of disruptive behavior in
general and disruptive behavior disorders in particular
DTS participants, their parent, and teacher were interviewed on a near yearly basis. Unfortunately, because of funding restrictions in Year 5, only telephone contacts with the participants could be established. The annual assessments included psychiatric diagnoses, which allowed the study of the relationships of diagnoses over time as well as concurrently. Most importantly, the study’s high cooperation rate despite the burdens of many repeated assessments (average 91.7%) has set new standards for longitudinal studies on maladjustment in childhood and adolescence. · Support for the distinction between DSM-III-R ODD and CD in boys (Loeber, Lahey, and Thomas, 1991; Lahey and Loeber, 1994), and that ODD is a developmental precursor to CD (Loeber, Lahey, and Thomas, 1991; Lahey and Loeber, 1994). However, once symptoms are considered, there appears a developmental continuum between symptoms, which only partly represents the respective symptoms of ODD and CD (Lahey and Loeber, 1994; Loeber et al., 1993; Russo et al., 1994). ·
DSMIII-R
ODD predicted CD over time, but ADHD did not predict CD once ODD
was taken into account (Loeber, Green et al., 1995; Lahey,
McBurnett, and Loeber, 2000). ·
Cortisol
was uniquely associated with aggressive rather than covert forms
of CD (McBurnett et al., 1997).
·
Maternal
frequent smoking during pregnancy was significantly more likely
to produce a child with CD (Wakschlag et al., 1997).
· The development of ODD to CD fits a life-span developmental model (Lahey and Loeber, 1994; Lahey, Miller, Gordon, and Riley, 1999).For more information, please contact:Academic: Rolf
Loeber Ph.D. |
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Designed and maintained
by Cheon C.
Graham |
