Instruments Used in

Indo-US Cross-National Study

Instruments developed for the study in India included:

A brief Hindi cognitive screening instrument, the Hindi Mental State Exam (HMSE), a Hindi adaptation of the well-known Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (Folstein, M.F., S.E. Folstein, and P.R. McHugh, Mini-Mental State: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 1975. 12: p. 189-198). Click on the following links for the Hindi version of the instrument, its English translation, and the citation (#2) for our published article.

A battery of neuropsychological tests based on the CERAD neuropsychological test panel (Morris et al 1989), including Learning and Immediate Recall  of a 10-item Word List (English version; Hindi version), an Object Naming Test (English & Hindi version), a Constructional Praxis Test (English version; Hindi version), and a Word Fluency Test (English version; Hindi version). Click on the links for the Hindi version of the instruments, their English translations, and the citation (#3) for our published article.

A Hindi version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (Yesavage, J.A., et al., Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 1983. 17(1): p. 37-49), the GDS-H. Click on the following links for the Hindi version of the instrument, its English translation, and the citation (#9) for our published article.

A new scale, in the form of an informant questionnaire, for the measurement of activities of daily living relevant to the detection of dementia in our rural older illiterate study cohort. The scale is called the Everyday Abilities Scale for India (EASI). Click on the following links for the Hindi version of the instrument, its English translation, and the citation (#8) for our published article.

The above instruments were used in subsequent surveys of those aged 55+ years in Ballabgarh; the surveys were used to estimate the prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer’s and other dementias. Data from the surveys were also used to examine associations of various potential risk factors with cognitive impairment and dementia. These analyses are ongoing. Click on “Scientific Reports” for an up-to-date list of publications (with complete citations) to date.